Which country has a sensible
Sima Nan
Michel. Gao Dai, is a professor at CNAM, Francis. Mel, a former economy minister, said the two can be described as French political figures or celebrities, in the published article on the Chinese view, is relatively objective., is indeed regarded as a an appreciation, listen to our views.
which country has a sensible, sensible opinions may not be consistent, however, understand that people know where their differences, and willingness to admit your own short-sighted. Two foreigners admitted: the spread in France At least three negative perceptions of China are are Gao Dai and Francis. Mel gentlemen that China is French elite on the values, and some of our intellectuals in China's view is quite different, they believe that China's modernization based on the successful mm He challenges?
they believe that China is facing major challenges from four areas: environmental protection, urban disease, corruption and other social conflicts. but pointed out that not only the Chinese case, the world has been true.
The solution then what is it?
French celebrities to tell us, need central authority, pieces, to lose morale, nothing so that we can. Of course, authority to solve many of the contradictions and problems, finally attributed to people's happiness, which is popular in China described as more freedom to freedom authority, is an effective address and resolve the challenges facing the Chinese way. Only these two, the two words that foreigners worthy of our attention and think deeply.
Finally, with the original (French) for Fong correction. < br> Enclosure: Positive Chinese
(as contained in the Tibet was to point out errors, but the earthquake in Sichuan suffered natural disasters, the Chinese government to take rapid, efficient interventions and the transparency of the performance was praised by the international media.
two hours after the earthquake, China Premier Wen Jiabao left Beijing rushed away from Wenchuan (the epicenter) the nearest city, personally directed the use of local manpower in the rescue operation 100,000. this same situation in Myanmar after the disaster was the formation of what a contrast, the same contrast is also reflected in the 2005 Louisiana State occurred Katrina (Katrina) Katrina relief operations after the U.S. government on slow.
these actions the Chinese government to strengthen our assessment of study group in April this year, it is to name a thirty historians and delegation of economists in China to access the results. In France, many spread negative views of China are completely wrong, as in Tibet, as well as in the development status is that personal freedom.
We are will be explosive. and they are failures of the Mao era has been so careful criticism.
, however, can not cover the problems of development unprecedented in human history, the facts. Now is the time to re-correct view of China, and to to see China with a firm step towards modernization of the extraordinary success of all aspects.
in the face of incredible Shanghai, New York has become pale. Shanghai's skyscrapers have sprung up as to gorgeous architectural aesthetics of color challenges . As for the communist dictatorship, is now retained by the central authority, the mandatory organization of the socialist market economy (or rather imperial economy). In fact the authority to make such a sudden unsafe neighborhoods bulldozed, replaced by a structure of well- modern comfortable high-rise, first of all start from the air-conditioning equipment.
even in China's hinterland, the store of basic commodities and luxury goods are also sculptures. as in other parts of the world, we will meet the police, but is rare in China, all of its equipment is usually only a cell phone only. This shows that many of our film about China should be modified.
First, China is no longer a less developed countries. in accordance with international standards, China's GDP in 2006 has reached 7500 U.S. dollars per capita (ie, the actual growth in 1980 10 times), the equivalent of the late 1950s in France or Portugal in the 1970s level. Our standard of living today is 4 times higher than China's. But if according to.福拉斯蒂埃 (Jean Fourastie the late French economist) calculations, comparison between the average wage of workers and the local price of some of the same product, the actual gap between the standard of living should be between 2-3 times. In other words, the euro and the RMB exchange rate of 1 to 10 in the yuan is significantly undervalued, but it allows China to maintain a large trade surplus that China now holds a quarter of the world's foreign exchange reserves.
according to the present growth rate (7-8% annual growth rate of per capita gross domestic product, and we are 1-2%), China will catch up with us in 2030. In terms of their two-wheelers over us: Shanghai and elsewhere, bicycles and scooters have been silent, because it is electric.
China is rich in the world can only be happy for this purpose. China is the next generation of education and modernization of infrastructure investment, But this was not enough, because, according to China is now 1.75 children per woman probability, then the replacement of generations the population will not be guaranteed, and therefore must face the real consequences of population aging in advance, before speeding up the pace.
benefit concentrated in the national banking system accounted for 40% of gross domestic product, national savings, China's infrastructure and public facilities, huge investment can be achieved. this summer's Olympics and 2010 Shanghai World Expo will be held once the end, China will re-enter the to meet the domestic demand brought about great economic growth, until today, the domestic demand is being artificially suppressed.
China's rapid development, especially the coastal areas to benefit (in 14% of the land area of 42% of the population together, creating 62% of GDP and 93% of exports, 76% acceptance of foreign investment). not so fortunate in Mainland China, lagging behind the development of western China, where 11% live in the country's population, to create 7% of GDP, This is true. But there is good news, the Chinese people will be able to develop 56% of total land area of the thirteenth century, since the Yuan Dynasty, it is part of the territorial integrity of China. Since the reduction of neonatal mortality, the Tibet Autonomous Region today, 280 million people, of which 92% are Tibetans, and Tibet in 1951, only 110 million people. Of course, literacy progress Speaking of bringing the population.
However, this is the same during the Third Republic of France in the teachers room to enforce any accommodation recess dare speak Breton French-speaking children who have any difference? Indeed, there may be some in Tibet to the twenty-first century Western civilization and repression of the riots shocked, however, during the Revolution, the bloody suppression of the royalist Vendée should enable us to criticize a Han Chinese accounted for 92% of the population of the empire to become humble more, it recognizes 55 ethnic minority customs and rights, and these ethnic minorities account for only 1.3 billion of the total population of one hundred million.
short, a model to see China make us optimistic about the future of humanity, China successfully rely on their own history, culture and infiltration in the work to achieve the modernization of traditional values. We are convinced that effective in maintaining sufficient authority to deal with pollution, urban Yong block, while corruption and social conflicts (all these issues in the world various newspaper headlines), the central empire will continue to be more and more freedom freedom (Chinese people now can travel around as they wish to arrange their own private life that good).
Michel. Gao Dai , CNAM professor
Francis. Mel, the former economy minister
Point de vue
Regardons la Chine a l'endroit, par Michel Godet et Francis Mer
LE MONDE | 10.06.08 | 14h01? Mis a jour le 10.06.08 | 14h01
L 'actualite se chasse d'elle-meme; epinglee sur la question du Tibet, la Chine est saluee par la presse internationale pour la rapidite, l'efficacite et la transparence de l 'intervention des autorites face a la catastrophe provoquee par le tremblement de terre du Sichuan.
Deux heures apres le seisme, Wen Jiabao, le premier ministre chinois, a quitte Pekin pour se rendre dans la ville la plus proche du Wenchuan (l 'epicentre) et diriger personnellement les operations qui mobilisent 100 000 hommes sur le terrain. Quel contraste avec ce qui ne se passe pas en Birmanie, mais aussi avec les lenteurs du gouvernement americain a intervenir en 2005 dans la Louisiane devastee par le cyclone Katrina!
Ces evenements renforcent le constat qui a ete le n? tre, a l'issue d'une mission en avril en compagnie d'une trentaine d'historiens et d'economistes, principalement dans la Chine de l'interieur. Nombre des idees negatives qui circulent en France sur la Chine sont tout simplement erronees. C'est vrai pour les questions du Tibet, des conditions du developpement, et meme des libertes individuelles.
Nos medias bien-pensants s'inquietent aujourd'hui de la Chine, qui a reussi a devenir le premier atelier du monde pour beaucoup de produits manufactures, car le co? t humain et environnemental leur en para? t socialement explosif. Leurs critiques justifiees etaient plus discretes du temps de la Chine de Mao, qui echouait de maniere abominable.
L'envers du decor ne justifie pas d'occulter la realite d'un developpement sans precedent dans l'histoire de l'humanite. Il est temps de remettre la Chine a l'endroit en relevant aussi les aspects extraordinairement positifs de sa modernisation reussie a marche forcee.
Deja, New York fait p? le figure comparee a l'incroyable Shangha?, ou les gratte-ciel poussent comme des champignons de toutes les couleurs en se lan? ant des defis de beaute architecturale. De la dictature communiste, il reste l'autorite centrale qui impose et organise l'economie socialiste (ou plut? t imperiale) de marche. Elle permet en effet de raser d'un coup des quartiers insalubres, mais pour les remplacer par des immeubles en hauteur de bonne facture avec tout le confort moderne, a commencer par la climatisation.
Meme dans la Chine profonde, les magasins regorgent de produits de base et de superflu, et les policiers rencontres, comme partout ailleurs dans le monde, y sont plut? t rares et generalement equipes seulement d'un telephone portable. C'est dire qu'il convient de reviser nombre de nos cliches sur la Chine.
Tout d'abord, ce n 'est plus un pays sous-developpe. Les standards internationaux montrent que la Chine avait, en 2006, un PIB par habitant de 7 500 dollars (soit dix fois plus en reel qu'en 1980), c'est-a-dire le niveau de la France a la fin des annees 1950 ou du Portugal en 1970. Notre niveau de vie serait aujourd'hui quatre fois superieur a celui de la Chine. Mais, si l'on fait des calculs comme les aimait Jean Fourastie, en ramenant le salaire moyen d'un employe a la valeur locale de certains produits communs a la France et a la Chine, l'ecart de niveau de vie se situe plut? t entre deux et trois. C'est dire que le taux de change d 'un a dix entre le yuan et l'euro est largement sous-evalue pour le yuan, mais c'est ce qui a notamment permis a la Chine de degager d'enormes excedents exterieurs, au point qu'elle detient aujourd'hui le quart des reserves mondiales de change.
Au rythme actuel (7% a 8% par an de croissance du PIB par habitant, contre 1% a 2% chez nous), les Chinois nous auront rattrapes avant 2030. Ils nous devancent deja en ce qui concerne les deux-roues: a Shangha? et ailleurs, les velos et les scooters sont silencieux car electriques.
La Chine s'enrichit, et le monde ne peut que s'en rejouir. Elle investit dans l ' education de sa jeunesse et dans des infrastructures modernes; mais cela ne suffira pas car, avec 1,75 enfant par femme, la releve des generations n'est pas assuree, et il lui faut donc avancer a pas de geant avant d'affronter les consequences de son ineluctable vieillissement.
Ce formidable effort d'investissement dans les infrastructures et les equipements collectifs a ete rendu possible gr? ce a une epargne equivalente a 40% du PIB et entierement canalisee par le systeme bancaire d'Etat. Une fois passes les Jeux olympiques de cet ete et l'Exposition universelle de Shangha? en 2010, la Chine trouvera un formidable relais de croissance dans la satisfaction d'une demande interieure jusqu'ici volontairement bridee.
Son developpement rapide profite surtout a la Chine du littoral (qui, avec 14% de l'espace, concentre 43% de la population, 62% du PIB, 76% des investissements etrangers et 93% des exportations). Il est vrai que la Chine de l'interieur est moins bien lotie, et que celle de l'ouest, ou ne vivent que 11% des Chinois, est en retard, avec 7% du PIB. Mais, bonne nouvelle, les Chinois pourront se lancer bient? ta la conquete de leur Far West , qui represente 56% de leur territoire.
Le Tibet fait couler beaucoup d'encre en France. La-bas, la perception est tout autre: depuis la dynastie des Yuan au XIII e siecle, il fait partie integrante de la Chine . La region autonome du Tibet compte aujourd'hui 2,8 millions d'habitants, dont 92% de Tibetains, contre seulement 1,1 million en 1951, gr? ce a la baisse de la mortalite infantile. Certes, les progres de l 'alphabetisation entra? nent la sinisation des populations.
Mais est-elle differente de celle que les instituteurs de la III e Republique ont imposee sans menagement aux enfants qui s'avisaient de parler breton dans les cours de recreation? Il ya sans doute des emeutes et des repressions choquantes pour un Occidental eclaire du XXI e siecle. Mais la remise au pas sanglante de la Vendee royaliste sous la Revolution devrait nous rendre plus modestes dans la critique d'un empire ou les Hans comptent pour 92% de la population, mais reconnaissent les coutumes et les droits des 55 minorites qui representent seulement 100 millions d'habitants sur un total de 1,3 milliard.
Bref, nous sommes optimistes sur le genre humain quand nous voyons l'exemple de la Chine , qui reussit a se moderniser en s'appuyant sur son passe, sa culture et des valeurs ancestrales portees sur le travail. Parions que l'Empire du milieu saura continuer a se liberaliser (les Chinois peuvent voyager a leur guise et se mettre en menage comme bon leur semble), tout en restant suffisamment autoritaire pour traiter de maniere efficace les graves problemes de pollution, de congestion urbaine, de corruption et de conditions sociales qui, la comme ailleurs, font la
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