It is an artificial environment, although the broad sense is a big part of the natural environment, but as a partial artificial environment, after all, has been isolated and the natural environment, people are living in cities, and nature is bound to seek direct contact, such as tourism, hikers; or create an indirect way of compensation, this is the garden of the building. It can be said, the garden is to compensate for the relative isolation of people with the natural environment and man-made creation of a Green is an important part of urban landscape, it improve the living quality of the environment, enhance physical and mental health of residents is essential. Residential green level is reflected as an important symbol of urban modernization.
green residential area is the residential areas according to the organizational structure of different types of planning, setting the corresponding center of public green space, including the residence Park (residential district), a small garden (district level) and green groups (groups level), as well as playgrounds and other blocks, such as public green ribbon.
1 survey methodology
mainly through visits, field survey methods.
1.1 survey survey routes
first Baishun within the Garden Ring Road, Chengdu, Riverside impression in 12 quarters, and then visited the red tiles within the Third Ring Road area in 10 apartment, the last investigated the outskirts of Chengdu, 10 different types of residential areas.
1.2 The main survey investigated the content of
main residential area of the green area of Chengdu, greening rate, plant species, different types of plant cell configuration and other issues, the process used in the survey visit, field survey methods to investigate.
2 Residential District Green Chengdu Survey
2.1 green area and residential district of Chengdu Green Rate
green residential district of Chengdu for the current situation clearly, I visited Chengdu hundred Shun Garden, red tile area, such as 32 Riverside impression Garden residential district. In the survey, selected this year it was completed and submitted to two types of real estate under construction. Survey, completed at least the cell greening rate is 35% or more, the international community is in Athens to 48% of green rate. There are many real estate under construction is expected in 50% of green area [2]. There is no doubt that the district completed a few years ago compared to the green is more than a lot, green layout has also been innovative. In the survey found that most residents stay in their community perceptions on the green, green area that has been up, and the satisfied. Another part of the population's understanding of green upgrade from the perceptual to the rational. They think that, from the planning, the developers are aware of the need to improve and enhance people's living environment, quality of life, and has done a lot of work. However, the design of the concrete, the developers pay attention to the level of green layout, style and embraced between buildings, and different plants and features the integration of complementary and there are deficiencies, making the green in the whole ecosystem in the area played no role in the deeper play.
construction of real estate in the survey to see, the developer of the planned green area made a reservation, but when 楼书 or sand table under the commitment, the green will not shrink, we only wait and see. Spring Real Estate Fair
during the exhibition site were collected from 28 real estate advertising alone, of which 23 were advertising played a Most real estate promotion of green as high as 60%, the lowest in Chengdu Garden Bureau has more than 91 years promulgated the 30%. In this regard, Forestry and Park Service official said, developers will be more than half of the newly developed residential area for the practice green, to today's prices, the possibility of how many?
2.2 Residential District in Chengdu
survey of plant species survey of 32 residential areas in Chengdu, made the following plant statistics (see Table 1).
Table 1 Residential District in Chengdu Plant Plant Species Type Plant Names investigation Ginkgo tree (Ginkgo biolba), Tianzhu Gui (Cinna momum japonicum Sieb.var.chekiangense), Ficus, clover wood, Elaeocarpus, maple , Melia azedarach, acuminata, coral, cedar, dawn redwood (Metasequoia glyptostoboides), black shell Nan, Huang Ge tree, Podocarpus (podocarpus macrophyllus), Luan tree (Koelreuteria paliculata), willow (Salix matstudana Kiodz), sycamore (Platanus hispanica), Yang trees, eucalyptus, privet (Ligustrum vicariy), camphor, magnolia (Magnolia gradiflora) small trees and shrubs wooden pod Rong, Magnolia, Osmanthus (Osmanthus fragrans), Lagerstroemia indica (CAtalpa speciosa Ward.), Lagenaria (Chaenomeles speciosa (Sweet)), Malus halliana (Malus halliana), West House Begonia, flower pomegranate, oleander (Nerrrium indicum Mill.), gardenia, Pittosporum, azaleas, camellias, plum blossom, bloom, Zongzhu, cycads, Hypericum, Jin Simei, rose, peony shrubs and grass being boxwood (Buxus sinica), Serissa (Serissa foetida), leaf privet (L.quihoui Carr.), the red wooden structure, three-pin, Sea Gardenia annual and biennial flower amaranth, marigold, pot carnations Pan, potted gerbera, to be Ju, parthenolide, geranium, violet, pansy, kale cabbage, daisy,cheap UGG boots, sweet pea, dwarf sunflower , Ice, Calendula, Sinningia, cyclamen, tuberous Begonia, conyzoides, Canna, Europe of spring, flowers Ling grass, snapdragon, carnation, Cineraria, a string of red, Calceolaria flower, Aquilegia, flower hair cirrhosa, Four Seasons primrose,Discount UGG boots, Morning Star flower, chrysanthemum straw turf grass Festuca (Festuca vubra), tall fescue (Festuca Arundinacea), Zoysia Zoysia (Zoysia tanuiflia), ryegrass (Loliun perenne), cut stock Ying (A.tolonifera), Ophiopogon, lucky grass, Kentucky bluegrass (P. Pratense), red clover (Red clover), Trifolium repens (White clover), Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon), zoysiagrass (Zoysia japonica) aquatic lotus (Nelumbo nucifera), water lily (Nymphaea tetragona), umbrella plant (Cyperus alternifolius L. SSP flabelliformis), 2.2.1 Lotus eye tree trees used in residential areas of Chengdu, there are more than 20 species: Ginkgo (Ginkgo biolba ), sycamore (Platanus hispanica), magnolia (Magnolia gradiflora), camphor, privet (Ligustrum vicariy), eucalyptus, poplar, willow (Salix matstudana Kiodz), Luan tree (Koelreuteria paliculata), Podocarpus (podocarpus macrophyllus), Huang Ge tree, black shell Nan, dawn redwood (Metasequoia glyptostoboides), cedar, coral, acuminata, Neem, maple and so on. In recent years the introduction of Elaeocarpus, trifoliate, Ficus, Tianzhu Gui (Cinna momum japonicum Sieb.var.chekiangense) and so on. 2.2.2
small trees and shrubs ornamental plants, including small trees, in the plant community in the middle and lower in the most shade-tolerant shrubs, there are many hi yang. Commonly used are: wood pod Rong, Magnolia, Osmanthus (Osmanthus fragrans), Lagerstroemia indica (CAtalpa speciosa Ward.), Lagenaria (Chaenomeles speciosa (Sweet)), Malus halliana (Malus halliana), West House Begonia, pomegranate flower, oleander (Nerrrium indicum Mill.), gardenia, Pittosporum, azaleas, camellias, plum blossom, bloom, Zongzhu, cycads, Hypericum, Jin Simei, rose, peony.
2.2.3 be mainly shrubs and turf, annual and biennial herbs, perennial flowers.
bush: boxwood, Serissa, Ligustrum leaf, red wooden structure, three needles, sea gardenia.
of annual and biennial flower: amaranth, marigold, pot Cornell Pan, potted gerbera, to be Ju, parthenolide, geranium, violet, pansy, kale cabbage, daisy, sweet pea, dwarf sunflowers, Ice, Calendula, Sinningia, cyclamen, tuberous Begonia, conyzoides, Canna, Europe of spring, flowers Ling grass, Antirrhinum, Carnation, Cineraria, a string of red, Calceolaria flower, Aquilegia, Ranunculus flowers, seasons primrose, Morning Star flower, chrysanthemum straw. Turf grass: red fescue (Festuca vubra), tall fescue (Festuca Arundinacea), Zoysia Zoysia (Zoysia tanuiflia),UGG boots clearanc, ryegrass (Loliun perenne), creeping bentgrass (A.tolonifera), Ophiopogon, lucky grass , Kentucky bluegrass (P. Pratense), red clover (Red clover), Trifolium repens (White clover), Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon), zoysiagrass (Zoysia japonica) 2.2.4 Aquatic
lotus, water lilies, umbrella grass, lotus eye.
2.3 Residential District in Chengdu
main lawn disease survey China's Chengdu is warm and humid southern transition zone areas, turf diseases (especially fungal disease) is very serious (see Table 2).
survey found that the following points: first, cool-season grass and Bermuda grass mildew susceptible to wilt disease. In Chengdu, the disease often from late June when high temperatures in early September. Temperature occurred 26 C0 -35 C0. In addition, the wet, poor drainage, neutral soil (Ph = 7.0), N fertilizer use and more density, less lawn cutting is also prone to this disease. Second, annual bluegrass, creeping bentgrass, bermudagrass, fescue, ryegrass, pure leaf grass, Zoysia susceptible to leaf spot. High-temperature, high humidity weather conditions easily occur when the temperature 23 C0-25C0 common, but the disease can also occur when the cold weather. Lawn the morning dew and more, too much hay bedding, fertilizer and more difficult, or too much irrigation water easily lead to disease. Chengdu mainly in 6-9 months. Third, Kentucky bluegrass, fine fescue, bermudagrass, tall fescue susceptible to powdery mildew. Wet, cold climate, the temperature in the 12C0-21C0 susceptible to the disease. Much nitrogen fertilizer, lawn shade, poor air circulation also easily infected. Fourth, ryegrass, Kentucky bluegrass, tall fescue, Zoysia susceptible to rust. Fifth, ryegrass, creeping bentgrass, bermudagrass, Kentucky bluegrass, fine fescue susceptible to money spot.
Table 2 residential district of Chengdu common lawn diseases and susceptible turfgrass diseases susceptible common lawn grass type, name, fusarium wilt disease mold cool-season grass and Bermudagrass leaf spot annual bluegrass, creeping bentgrass, bermudagrass, fescue, ryegrass, pure leaf grass, Zoysia grass powdery mildew in Kentucky bluegrass, fine fescue, bermudagrass, tall fescue rust of ryegrass, Kentucky bluegrass, tall fescue, knot thread money spot grass ryegrass, creeping bentgrass, bermudagrass, Kentucky bluegrass, fine fescue 2.4 different types of residential survey
Plant community gardens through the investigation in Chengdu, I see in the residential area greening of plant selection and configuration based on the wealth gap between the very different.
2.4.1 luxury residential area rich areas (villas)
relatively luxurious residential area in which often choose the more valuable species, and mainly in the tree the majority. to Baishun Garden just completed an example: the choice of the trees, the main use of the osmanthus (Osmanthus fragrans), ginkgo (Ginkgo biolba), Phoebe, Kwong Magnolia (Magnolia gradiflora), Huang Ge tree, Malus halliana (Malus halliana) and other more expensive in recent years, the main tree species, and in larger quantities, of which more than 25cm DBH Osmanthus have 23 as much as 25cm or more in diameter ginkgo have as many as 12 strains, including three diameter at breast height to 33cm. Small trees and shrubs in the choice, the choice of the leaflets smiling, mosquito mother, weeping elm leaves, embroidered tea, needle Kwai, Indian gold, Pittosporum ball, the red following the cricket, Magnolia, Magnolia saffron, star anise gold plate, azalea, holly Euonymus, Guangdong smiling, red maple, more than the four species of Livistona small trees and shrubs. On the lawn, the chosen one of Kentucky bluegrass turf and grass with a straight way to shop floor space. Grass texture is very uniform, consistent color, giving the beautiful and detailed visual effects. Configuration in the landscape, tree, shrub and grass done with rich layers of mood outstanding results. 2.4.2 General
ordinary residential apartments apartment residential district in terms of plant selection and configuration becomes less certain. The main tree species are less expensive or smaller size of the tree species selection. Vegetative performance: small shrubs + trees + a small amount of lawn. With red tiles district as an example: The main tree species selected for the Tianzhu Gui (Cinna momum japonicum Sieb.var.chekiangense), magnolia (Magnolia gradiflora), heather and so are several. Specification of which is the biggest Tianzhu Gui, diameter 6-8cm, and the small number. Mainly lobular privet bush, the numbers are small, mainly planted hedges. Lawn is to manage a more extensive selection of tall fescue lawn. In Shuinianhe North Street, there is a community built in 2000, household 308. The author of the owners of 35 residential random survey, that the green area is basically consistent with the original have 65%. Some people believe that certain areas of the district did not place green.
East Gate of Sichuan Normal University Chengdu next to a residential district, all built last May. There are 932 units in the area of commodity housing. Random survey in which the author of 31 owners, only 58% of people expressed general satisfaction on the green area.
Subsequently, the author has gradually Shuinianhe North Street in Chengdu, Jiuyanqiao, Yulin, Shuangnan other district conducted a survey found that many residential green monotony, some property management responsible person in an investigation simply that the author district as long as the Some quarters in the construction of a few years, due to improper maintenance, the construction of residential land area of green land accounts for less than 30% ratio has been greatly, and many public green area per capita even 1 square meters standard can not be achieved.
soaring bridge in Roman Holiday Plaza, a nearby district, the author notes that the area of plants with a general, simple green, and some land has been exposed to it, looks very garish. Improper because the conservation of some trees, there have been yellow leaves, banana leaf, leaf litter and clear dead branches of a tree, some trees, killing insects as rods, bore leaves, propping, have to be pegs, or even tied. In addition, the growth of the lawn is not the normal flowers, lawns and flower Quezhu alopecia areata is very clear, green and even in some corners of the clear desert.
2.4.3 ordinary civilian residential areas I visited Chengdu, part of the civilian residential areas, found that the local plant configuration is monotonous. I visited six ordinary civilian residential area, including one that a diameter of about 6cm Tianzhu Gui (Cinna momum japonicum Sieb.var.chekiangense), the remaining five did not see any trees, shrubs and only relatively few extensive lawn. Weeds in the region more open space, lack of management or no management. Such a single structure because fewer plant species, the formation of fragile ecological community structure, very easy to reverse the direction of succession, the result is degradation of grass, trees, pests and diseases increased. People in order to maintain the ecological structure of this simple plant, must strengthen the fertilizer and water management, pest control, pruning, etc., the cost increases. Therefore, in order to maintain the ecological balance of the city, be sure to be based on the ecological habits of garden plants, through the tree, shrub, grass and ground cover plants with a reasonable variety of plants, the construction of complex and diverse plant community structure, form a different landscape plants. 3 Chengdu residential landscaping problems
3.1 publicity over some developers, On the other hand, the owners hope the investment environment in the area to enjoy and get the actual property appreciation. Real estate transactions in the course of trading, the two always have a certain contrast. Which, in addition to developers in the environment and supporting investment in green areas, the intentional or unintentional tendency to It is understood that many of the beginning of construction in the construction area, mostly within the first phase of real estate projects in the planning region outside the large green plant, or to retain the existing trees and grass, giving a green area and more green rate images. The reason to do so as soon as possible, some developers will
3.2 greening focus on grass and wood, the pursuit of flat green land, the district completed, shows a large area of lawn, although the appearance of style, a quality, but savor the feeling mostly empty and monotonous, and some shade trees within the district and even the trees did not make a straw possession of residential green Most residential lawns are not many people entered, so that the residents living in its only a distance is difficult to close one of its external.
3.3 residents environmental awareness and regulations, lack of support
reflect more problems from the owners, the majority of households are more concerned about housing quality, size has shrunk, the contract extension, real estate license and other terms of the handling , for the district's green spaces and green rate problems, became a public issue, and more were discharged to the public interest consideration of deviation in the areas of personal interest [3]. Less than a market and public green space, Meanwhile, house sales contract does not make specific provisions and details of this embodiment, the owners interest in the maintenance of greenery, it is difficult to measure the actual rate of greening can be realized, so that the concept of green rates have become a standard in digital .
3.4 abandon the essence of Chinese garden, the blind pursuit of foreign landscape of the ecological function and landscape gardening of the local conditions, reach the owners of green area and the creation of livable environment. Local conditions under the site conditions, applicable to afforestation, by King Emotion is the essence of traditional Chinese garden. In the eyes of some people involved in planting trees, straw, flowers are green, very few people to landscape design as scientific, artistic and technical highly integrated design. Modern landscape seems that only Western exist. China now there are still using the Roman colonnade, fountain pool, deck garden squares and other European classical vocabulary of the But the appearance of the The best design is based on the actual environment in which to make the most suitable design.
4 countermeasures and suggestions
4.1 Residential use of ecological principles to the design
green residential area of green space planning must be based on urban ecosystems, focusing on eco-efficiency, to improve the environmental quality of residential quarters, maintaining and preserving the ecological balance of the city.
efforts to improve the residence, as the rate of green space and green, in the residence part of a larger proportion of the impermeable, while the green area has been very little, the design should be a reasonable distribution of the ratio between number of elements of landscape, focusing on prominent plant landscaping, and make full use of plants to cover all the soil cover. King is also a permeable wall, landscape wall of climbing plants climbing plants than the non-permeable walls can bring the landscape ecological benefits. Is also a function of the building off pieces, flower better than the pavilion, as the rate of increase green.
efforts to improve the material, energy and information circulation. Plant communities in a multi-level, between plants and microbes through metabolism, waste-free production cycle. The formation of different shades of underground roots underground root system, can absorb a lot of harmful substances,UGGs, transformation of soil structure and increase soil fertility. Increase in the number of natural enemies to reduce the harm of pests harmful large in order to achieve using natural enemy insects, birds, animals and other pest control, biological pest control-based, minimize the use of chemical pest control, pollution of the environment from the Pharmacy.
4.2 efforts to create a rich visual effects to create mood
4.2.1
garden plants are the main material Artistic Creation. In the mood to learn from garden landscapes, buildings, plants, rocks, roads, etc. to reflect, such as the use of a beautiful gesture, rich colors, Qin Xin Fang-ming of aromatic or beautiful.
4.2.2
Plants Plants green residential areas constitute the subject of residential green landscape, which not only serve to maintain and improve the environment, to meet the housing requirements of function, but also from to beautify the environment, to meet the requirements of the people play. Plants green residential area when the ecological garden should also be based on the theory, simulated natural environment, the use of plant physiology, ecological indicators and landscape aesthetic principle, the plant configuration, and create multiple layer structure, to maintain plant communities in space and time on stable and lasting.
4.3 property management and oversight mechanisms to strengthen
efforts to promote property management and social standards, systems and mechanisms to achieve the conversion. Actively introduce advanced tools and methods of property management, and enhance the strength of property management. The owners of the property to gradually establish and improve the company's oversight mechanisms to the Houses as a unit under the jurisdiction of a residential area set up in the streets, residents, housing authority representatives and other aspects of property management personnel committee, and gradually form a management committee of autonomy management and property management enterprise, a combination of social operation of the market system.
4.4 East-meets to find the meeting point
theory from the classical Chinese garden art, in the long history of playing the role of a devout and melancholy, in attachment theory, layout and landscaping in painting, in the pursuit of the good nature of poetry is always limited by the following, and its essence is the Western garden design ideas directly from the building, emphasizing the strength of man, Staggered and the impact of two cultures, is bound to generate many new meeting point in the future to open up the practice of a variety of ways to make gardening diversified style of development.
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